The filterless air purifier is a relative newcomer to the field air purification, but one that is rapidly gaining in popularity. Using a sophisticated system of oppositely charged plates, particulate matter in the air is given a charge that makes it 'stick' to the plate, thus eliminating it from being airborne. This method can be surprisingly effective, however, it does not necessarily reduce maintenance of the unit; the plates still need to be cleaned, just as filters need to be changed.
One of the real advantages to a filterless system, however, is that in filtered air purifiers, the filters themselves can become a breeding ground for mold and bacteria. This is especially true of any systems that become wet, usually due to condensation in the air. Though activated carbon is a relatively inert substance, it is an organic compound, and thus can provide the right conditions for mold and bacteria growth in some cases.
Interestingly, most filterless air cleaners actually have filters. This is because the electrically charged plate system is not good at dealing with gases or chemicals, and in order to reduce odours filters are often added to the system to do just that. Filterless systems work very well against particulate, such as dust, spores, pollen and dander, however, are not effective against chemical, bacteria, virus, smoke or odours. But with the added filter, the units can then clean the air as effectively as other types of units.
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So why bother at all with a filterless system? The chief reason is that by reducing the amount of particulate that would normally go into the filter before it reaches that filter, the air pressure inside the unit does not drop from being clogged as quickly as it would in a normal system. That being said, however, it is still necessary to clean the plates and reduce the buildup in the unit, as well as replace the filters in some systems.
The other advantage is generally a cost reduction, since you do not need to replace filters as often. However, the up front cost of a filterless system is generally higher than a standard filtered unit.
Making a decision about an air purifier is largely contingent on what your needs are, and the environment the unit will be operating in. If you are in a very humid area it might not be a good idea to use a filtered unit, since the condensation can lead to mold growth and poising the very air you are tyring to clean. On the other hand, if you are trying to clean out odours and gases, then a filterless system is not going to work very well for you.
Ultimately you will have to consider a few options and base your decision on the ideal air purifier for your needs. A filterless air purifier is a good candidate for most applications.